Steel structures usually lose their bearing capacity at temperatures between 450 and 650 degrees Celsius, undergoing large deformations, causing steel columns and beams to bend. As a result, they cannot continue to be used due to excessive deformations. Generally, the fire resistance limit of unprotected steel structures is about 15 minutes. The length of this time is also related to the speed at which the components absorb heat. In order to overcome the shortcomings of fire protection in practical applications, steel structure materials must be treated with fire protection, the purpose of which is to increase the fire resistance limit of steel structures to the limit range specified in the design specifications. There are many measures to prevent steel structures from rapidly heating up and deforming and collapsing in fires. The key is to adopt different methods according to different situations, such as using insulation and refractory materials to block flames from directly burning steel structures, reducing the speed of heat transfer, and delaying the time when the steel structure temperature rises and the strength weakens. But no matter what method is adopted, the principle is the same. 

The following are 4 types of fire protection measures for steel structures: